Pemanfaatan Citra Landsat untuk Pemantauan Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Lima Dekade pada Kawasan Perkotaan dan Aglomerasi Industri Provinsi Jawa Timur
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan (LULC) di kawasan perkotaan dan aglomerasi industri di Provinsi Jawa Timur (Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Gresik, dan Mojokerto), selama lima dekade terakhir. Perubahan tersebut dianalisis dengan membandingkan empat peta yang diinterpretasikan dari serangkaian citra Landsat (1972, 1997, 2014, dan 2021). Prosedur utama penelitian terdiri atas: pengumpulan data; survei lapangan; klasifikasi citra; dan interpretasi perubahan. Klasifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan algoritma kemungkinan maksimum yang mencapai keseluruhan dan akurasi kappa >75%. Klasifikasi tersebut menghasilkan delapan kelas, yaitu lahan terbangun (BU), lahan pertanian heterogen (HAL), tanah gundul (BS), sawah (PF), perairan terbuka (OW), vegetasi (VG), semak belukar (SH), dan lahan basah (WL). Analisis menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan BU di wilayah tersebut sebesar 655%. Alih fungsi lahan pertanian baik PF maupun HAL mengakibatkan peningkatan luas BU yang cukup signifikan. Antara tahun 1997 dan 2014, 303 km2 PF terkonversi menjadi BU, dan antara tahun 2014 dan 2021, seluas 308 km2 lainnya juga terkonversi. Selanjutnya HAL (-79%), BS (-56%), VG (-10%), dan SH (-100%) kembali menunjukkan penurunan. Sementara terjadi peningkatan besar pada OW dan WL, masing-masing sebesar 222 dan 67%.
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