Analisis Mikrostuktur Permukaan Karbon Aktif Yang Diaktivasi Dengan Hidroksi Alkali Menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy
Abstract
Karbon aktif merupakan material fungsional berpori yang banyak diaplikasikan dalam bidang adsorpsi, pemurnian, dan penyimpanan energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh jenis aktivator basa kuat, yaitu NaOH dan KOH, terhadap morfologi dan ukuran partikel karbon aktif yang disintesis dari limbah cangkang biji karet. Proses sintesis dilakukan melalui dua tahap, yaitu karbonisasi pada suhu 400°C dan aktivasi kimia pada suhu 800°C dalam atmosfer nitrogen. Karakterisasi morfologi dilakukan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), sementara pengukuran ukuran partikel dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan perangkat lunak ImageJ. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi menggunakan KOH menghasilkan struktur karbon aktif yang lebih terbuka dan tidak homogen dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 6,70 µm dan maksimum 55,53 µm. Sementara itu, aktivasi menggunakan NaOH menghasilkan permukaan yang lebih seragam dan halus dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 5,01 µm dan maksimum 54,46 µm. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh jari-jari ion K⁺ (138 pm) yang lebih besar dibandingkan Na⁺ (102 pm), sehingga K⁺ lebih efektif dalam membentuk pori dan merusak jaringan karbon selama aktivasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan jenis aktivator berperan penting dalam menentukan struktur morfologi karbon aktif. Karbon aktif hasil aktivasi KOH lebih sesuai untuk aplikasi elektrokimia, sedangkan NaOH lebih cocok untuk proses adsorpsi
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